Date of Award

9-1-2025

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

Department

Psychology

First Advisor

Marie Hammond

Abstract

Research within the field of psychology examining the experiences of transgender individuals and prejudice toward transgender individuals has increased in recent history alongside the conscious awareness of transgender individuals within the United States. The research that has been conducted has primarily focused on transgender individuals broadly as a group on binary transgender individuals. As, such measures of prejudice toward these groups have been developed and validated. Although the study of nonbinary experiences and prejudice is developing, there has been no extant measure of prejudice toward nonbinary individuals specifically. A measure of prejudice toward this group is needed to (1) examine traits and states related to prejudice toward this group, (2) assess the prejudicial climate of various spaces, and (3) further develop the theory of prejudice toward nonbinary individuals specifically. A new 44-item measure, the Negative Attitudes toward Nonbinary Individuals Scale (NATNIS), was developed to measure negative cognitions, affect, and behaviors regarding nonbinary individuals. The instrument has two subscales: Prejudiced Cognitions and Prejudiced Affect & Behavior. The NATNIS subscales have demonstrated strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability. These subscales also demonstrated that the presence of any socially desirable responding during the use of this measure may not be great enough to bias responding to either subscale.

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